With its Mediterranean climate, Spain is experiencing accelerated climate change impacts, including frequent heat waves, prolonged droughts, and extreme weather events that pose significant threats to urban infrastructure and public health. However, Spanish cities have had successful experiences with the implementation of resilience policies, particularly in adapting to climate change and addressing urban health risks. Accordingly, this chapter aims to explore the Spanish experience as a case study in integrating strategies for sustainable and resilient cities, focusing on how its urban planning, public health, and climate adaptation policies intersect. Based on policy analysis, case studies, and recent data, the chapter assesses Spain’s response to these pressures, focusing on implementing climate-resilient infrastructure, promoting green spaces, and public health preparedness measures. A key focus of this case study is Spain’s innovative approach to integrating health considerations into urban planning by promoting nature-based solutions and protecting vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, from heat-related illnesses and other climate-induced health risks. Particular attention is paid to successful initiatives such as Barcelona’s “Superblocks” program and Madrid’s urban forestry strategy. Finally, this chapter offers insights into Spain’s successes, challenges, and lessons learned, providing valuable policy recommendations for other countries and regions with similar conditions, such as the MENA region, seeking to build resilient and sustainable cities.