As urbanization intensifies, cities face mounting environmental and health challenges, exacerbated by climate change. This chapter, titled Green and Blue Spaces: Enhancing Urban Health and Resilience, explores how integrating green and blue spaces into urban planning can address these challenges, fostering sustainable and resilient urban environments. Green spaces, such as parks, urban forests, and green roofs, contribute to cooler temperatures, cleaner air, and increased opportunities for physical activity, while blue spaces, including rivers, lakes, and constructed ponds, play a critical role in water management, habitat support, and mental health enhancement. Emphasizing three dimensions—public well-being, climate resilience—the chapter explored the many advantages of urban green and blue areas. Methodologically, a literature review conducted, drawing on recent studies, meta-analyses, global reports data, and reputed journal articles to provide a well-rounded analysis of the topic. Studies selected based on relevance to urban health, climate resilience with additional emphasis on socioeconomically diverse urban settings. The chapter synthesized those findings, highlighting green and blue spaces as essential “natural infrastructure” for sustainable urban planning, focusing on urban climate and health. Also, this chapter sheds light on different cities’ utilizing the UGBS concept around the world. By presenting green and blue spaces as foundational elements of resilient cities, this chapter contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable urban development, aligning with the book’s theme of addressing urbanization, climate change, and health to build sustainable, resilient cities.