The Way to Homo sapiens
摘要
And then, 2 million years ago, the brain volume slowly increased. What happened? The omnivores had more energy and more micronutrients available than their ancestors. What does that have to do with brain growth? The brain is the organ with the highest energy consumption (25% of total energy). Sufficient energy is, therefore, a prerequisite. Even in times of hunger or prolonged low-energy nutrition, the brain knows how to get energy. It has mechanisms that extract energy at the expense of other organs and tissues and supply it to the brain. At the same time, the brain ensures that new energy stores are created, such as fat deposits. Hence the term “selfish brain.” When it comes to so-called lifestyle diseases, this selfish brain also plays a role. If we know its tricks, we can deal with it better. In the discussion about the causes of brain growth and nutrition, there is the so-called aquatic theory, which states that humans cannot produce the omega-3 fatty acids that are important for brain structures from other fatty acids and are therefore dependent on the consumption of sea fish that contains these fatty acids. This theory overlooks the possibilities of evolution. Some people can produce sufficient omega-3 fatty acids from the precursor a-linolenic acid, as found in plants (Type D), and those who can’t and are dependent on fish as a source of omega-3-fatty acids (Type A). Indigenous peoples in Africa have the type D variant 100%, Europeans about 50%, and Native Americans and Inuit only 10%. This fatty acid metabolic type A which needs fish as a source for omega-3-fatty acids is an adaptation of groups that migrated northwards along the sea and those that remained in the “fish-free” forests. and used plant derived sources If we are encouraged to eat fish twice a week today, it is not only because omega-3 fatty acids are in the fish (we don’t know which adaptation type we belong to) but also because fish contains many other essential nutrients.However, fish is not always healthy, as it can contain significant amounts of mercury and other heavy metals depending on where it is caught.