Modern social contracts have been blind to the dependence of societies on nature, with nature seen as having a utilitarian rather than intrinsic value. Eco-social contracts signify a shift from anthropocentric to ecocentric values, principles and beliefs that situate humanity within the broader community of life. This chapter will provide an overview of key shifts needed in the human-nature relationship for eco-social contracts to emerge. This includes a transformation in worldview—encompassing attitudes, values and imaginaries that shape the human-nature relationship—as well as a rethinking of societal well-being and human behaviour in relation to nature. It will demonstrate what these relational shifts could mean in practice by discussing changing resource management regimes and alternative economic paradigms. These transformations illustrate that eco-social contracts can help reimagine the relationships between humans and nature through the lens of reciprocity, partnership and connectedness by challenging the entrenched worldviews that drive the climate and ecological crisis.