The twentieth-century social contract—the Welfare State bargain between growth and redistribution—has broken down and cannot sustain the transformative vision of the 2030 Agenda. The breakdown of the social contract manifests itself in multiple global crises, rising inequalities and the deep divisions in our societies. This chapter synthesizes research and conceptual thinking conducted by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) on how to fix our broken social contract and create sustainable and inclusive pacts for people and the planet. It provides insights into the concept of the social contract; maps and discusses various examples of social contracts—beyond the model associated with Western welfare states—and how they have evolved over time; and presents recent examples where social contracts have been made more inclusive and sustainable. It concludes by laying out seven principles that would steer new eco-social contracts in a transformative direction to advance social and climate justice and highlights opportunities and obstacles in moving from normative visions to implementation.