Lymphedema is the accumulation of protein-rich fluid and/or fibroadipose tissue within the interstitial soft tissue compartment secondary to lymphatic transport dysfunction. It is a chronic progression from soft, pitting edema to regional enlargement, ultimately resulting in permanent fibrosis and lymphatic obstruction. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology, staging, and classification of primary and secondary lymphedema. It also discusses diagnosis and current conservative and surgical treatments in early and late stages of the disease, as well as associated complications.