In today’s conditions, global and national supply chains are experiencing shocks from numerous failures. Government agencies and private businesses make strategic decisions to improve supply chain resilience. It is advisable to make such decisions on a unified methodological basis, which should consider regional and industry-specific characteristics, differences between individual types of failures, geopolitical restrictions, and other important operating conditions of the supply chain. The research results indicate the absence of such a methodology, which reduces the quality of strategic decisions and negatively affects the reliability of supplies of materials that are important for the national economy. Therefore, the authors summarized contemporary approaches to making strategic decisions in the field of supply chain fault tolerance by various planning subjects. During the research, the authors revealed the features of strategic decision-making in the field of supply chain fault tolerance at the state and corporate levels. The results presented in this research complement the well-known theoretical and methodological principles in this area. They can be used as a theoretical basis for developing a new concept for strategic planning of supply chain fault tolerance.