The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is reviewed in this article along with their significance in several biotechnological, energetic, and environmental aspects. Its potential in biomass creation, energy production, and environmental remediation is highlighted. Additionally, it emphasizes how photosynthesis can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and transform it into biomass and oxygen, making it a powerful instrument in the fight against climate change. Its potential for producing biofuels and bioelectricity, two forms of renewable energy, as well as its efficiency in cleaning up wastewater by breaking down contaminants and promoting the restoration of aquatic ecosystems are also examined. In terms of environmental sustainability, it emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend Chlorella vulgaris’s full potential for CO2 collection, the production of renewable energy, and wastewater treatment. Nonetheless, growth control is necessary to prevent detrimental effects on ecosystems. Regarding socioecological shifts, this microalgae’s adaptability is demonstrated by its many uses, ranging from the synthesis of biotechnological compounds to the production of biofuels and wastewater treatment, optimizing CO2 capture procedures, and energy production, taking into account hybrid technologies and efficiency gains. In order to guarantee perfection in CO2 collection, energy generation, and remediation methods, it is crucial to comprehend the unique features and their applications with regard to quality management.