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Inverter-based resources can be classified into two broad categories based on the interaction with the grid, the implementation of the controller, and the response to changes in the grid: grid-following (GFL) inverters and grid-forming (GFM) inverters. In GFL mode, the voltage and frequency are regulated by the grid and therefore operate as grid-connected inverters. In islanding mode, one or several of the inverters should be used as voltage and/or frequency regulators to form the local grid. GFM inverter offers a promising method to this weak grid problem. In this paper, the approach of GFM Vehicle to Line (V2L) operation strategy of large-scale electric vehicles (LSEV) considering uncertainty is discussed and put forward. The developed system consists of photovoltaic (PV) panels and GFM PV inverter, LSEV aggregation as energy storage and GFM V2L inverter, general loads, and sensitive key loads. When the grid is down to disconnected, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) inverter operates in GFM V2L inverter mode, and the PV inverter operates in GFM PV inverter mode also. Both of them supply power to the grid, which enables uninterrupted power supply or black-start power supply to some sensitive key loads and improves the reliability of power supply at the site of the State Grid, Beijing, Chaoyang Electric Power Supply Company.

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Approach of Grid Forming V2L Operation Strategy of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertainty

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Jian Xu,
  • Liang Zhu,
  • Qingguang Yu,
  • Leidong Yuan,
  • Xin Yao,
  • Min Guo,
  • Ding Liu

摘要

Inverter-based resources can be classified into two broad categories based on the interaction with the grid, the implementation of the controller, and the response to changes in the grid: grid-following (GFL) inverters and grid-forming (GFM) inverters. In GFL mode, the voltage and frequency are regulated by the grid and therefore operate as grid-connected inverters. In islanding mode, one or several of the inverters should be used as voltage and/or frequency regulators to form the local grid. GFM inverter offers a promising method to this weak grid problem. In this paper, the approach of GFM Vehicle to Line (V2L) operation strategy of large-scale electric vehicles (LSEV) considering uncertainty is discussed and put forward. The developed system consists of photovoltaic (PV) panels and GFM PV inverter, LSEV aggregation as energy storage and GFM V2L inverter, general loads, and sensitive key loads. When the grid is down to disconnected, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) inverter operates in GFM V2L inverter mode, and the PV inverter operates in GFM PV inverter mode also. Both of them supply power to the grid, which enables uninterrupted power supply or black-start power supply to some sensitive key loads and improves the reliability of power supply at the site of the State Grid, Beijing, Chaoyang Electric Power Supply Company.