This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the design and construction of a 115/22 kV electrical substation, delving into the core principles of substation design and operational functionality. By focusing on the reliability and efficiency of various substation components, this research highlights critical aspects of equipment installation and protection systems, aiming to pave the way for enhanced practices in future equipment development and installation. Utilizing a model that replicates a real-world 115/22 kV outdoor power station control building, complete with a main and transfer bus system, this study encompasses both indoor and outdoor equipment. A key feature of this research is its thorough structural assessment and meticulous calculations for the ground grid and bay-to-bay configurations. The application of the Current, Distribution, Electromagnetic Fields, Grounding, and Soil Structure Analysis (CDEGS) program ensures that the study adheres to standard ground grid calculations, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of the substation design. The findings of this research offer valuable insights and optimized strategies for the design and operation of electrical substations. These insights are crucial for electrical engineering, as they contribute to the advancement of substation reliability and efficiency, ultimately benefiting the broader field of power systems engineering. By addressing both theoretical and practical aspects, this study serves as a vital resource for engineers and researchers dedicated to improving substation design and functionality.