This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the current municipal solid waste (MSW) management landscape in Senegal, with a focus on 2022 waste generation data and projections up to 2050. In 2022, Senegal generated a significant volume of waste, of which approximately 12% consisted of organic matter and 25% of recyclables, yet only half of the latter was effectively recycled. The remainder, including potential refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and non-reusable waste, is largely disposed of in unsanitary landfills or illegal dumpsites, with more than 90% of all waste being landfilled. A new fractional waste pathway is proposed, dividing waste into four streams: organic, recyclable, RDF-potential, and non-reusable, each requiring targeted treatment strategies to enhance sustainability and reduce landfill reliance. Projected to reach 8.95 million tons annually by 2050, Senegal’s waste stream could be managed more effectively through a combined centralized and decentralized treatment system. The proposed strategy includes source-level waste minimization, localized composting and biogas generation, material recovery facilities (MRFs), RDF production, and thermal conversion technologies. Short-term effects of implementation include the creation of over 1000 jobs and improved waste segregation and recycling rates. Long-term benefits include significant CO₂ emissions reductions—estimated at over 3.4 million tons per year by 2050—and the transition toward a circular economy. Comparative analysis with countries like Germany underscores the economic potential of a restructured waste sector in Senegal, emphasizing value recovery and environmental sustainability. The chapter concludes by outlining a phased implementation roadmap and the policy, financial, and institutional measures required to ensure long-term success.