Using a nationally representative sample of older adults from the United States, this chapter aimed to investigate mechanisms potentially explaining associations between different information and communication technology (ICT) use and older adults’ cognitive decline. Data used in this chapter were extracted from the 2012 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A total of 2,022 older participants were included. ICT use was assessed through the frequency of internet use. Cognitive decline was calculated by subtracting the 2016 cognitive score from the 2012 cognitive score. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between ICT use and cognitive decline, focusing on loneliness, perceived control, and depression as mediators. The results showed that internet use was associated with slower cognitive decline overall. This association was fully mediated by increased perceived control and reduced depression. Loneliness did not significantly mediate this association. These findings underscore the significance of integrating strategies that bolster older adults’ perceived control and reduce depressive symptoms in digital interventions designed to promote cognitive changes. By focusing on these mediatory pathways, future interventions can be tailored to maximally leverage the therapeutic potential of ICT in sustaining cognitive functioning and slowing cognitive decline in aging populations.