Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) has transformed the practice of caries management by shifting the focus from merely treating carious lesions to addressing the underlying disease-dental caries. This chapter explores the detection and assessment of carious lesions, improves the understanding of the layers of carious dentin and emphasizes on the importance of lesion staging, as a must-know in clinical practice. It guides clinicians on management of carious lesions using MID techniques such as Non-Restorative Cavity Control and Resin Infiltration for initial lesions and the Hall technique and the SMART approach for deeper lesions.