Honey authentication is a significant aspect of ensuring the quality and purity of honey and the prospects of food safety. Honey’s authenticity has drawn great attention in recent times in regard to its geographical and botanical origin. Honey is a highly nutritious, ready-to-eat, and naturally available product with various health benefits. Both honey suppliers and consumers must prioritize honey authentication to combat scams, including honey adulteration with syrup or sugar and mislabeling of honey origins. The genuineness of honey, a prized commodity worldwide, is identified by using different analytical techniques. Traditional methods like sensory evaluation, physicochemical analysis, and pollen analysis, though long-standing, may lack the sensitivity and specificity required to detect certain adulterants. However, traditional authentication methods may not be adequate against increasingly sophisticated adulteration techniques. On the contrary, modern techniques, such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and molecular analysis, offer higher sensitivity that allows for the detection of adulterants at trace levels and enhances the ability to identify discrepancies and anomalies that are indicative of adulteration. Hence, there is a need for a comprehensive approach that merges traditional and modern techniques to combat adulteration and ensure consumer trust and safety. Honey authentication presents a multifaceted challenge requiring the integration of traditional and modern scientific rigor. The intricate edge between time-honored practices and cutting-edge technologies to ensure honey authenticity, along with the cultural significance of honey authentication methods, this chapter covers the limitations of traditional approaches in dealing with modern adulteration techniques. Subsequently, it elucidates the revolutionization of honey authentication by providing rapid and accurate assessments of key quality parameters. Moreover, the chapter delves into the synergistic potential of integrating traditional evaluations with instrumental analysis to augment the reliability of authentication outcomes. Furthermore, it addresses emerging challenges such as the detection of sophisticated adulterants and the need for harmonized global standards to ensure the integrity of honey products in an increasingly interconnected market. Through insightful case studies and practical examples, this chapter focuses on successful instances of combining traditional and modern approaches to overcome authentication issues, bolster consumer trust, and maintain the reputation of honey producers worldwide.