CLIMATHUNDERR: A Combined Impinging Jet and Gravity Current Technique to Investigate Thermal Effects on Downburst Winds
摘要
A comprehensive experimental campaign was conducted as part of the ERIES-CLIMATHUNDERR project (CLIMAtic Investigation of THUNDERstorm Winds) at the Jules Verne Climatic Wind Tunnel, CSTB, Nantes, France. The study aimed to investigate the thermal effects driving downdraft winds from thunderstorm clouds and their influence on downburst outflow dynamics near the ground. Downbursts are typically simulated using two methods: (i) the gravity current (GC), which models jet formation through density instability between two fluids, and (ii) the impinging jet (IJ), which generates the downdraft mechanically using wind tunnel fans. While the IJ method is preferred in wind engineering for its scalability, it lacks the thermodynamic contributions intrinsic to GC-based simulations. For the first time, the CLIMATHUNDERR project combines these two techniques at large scale, leveraging varied temperature differentials between the jet and its surroundings to analyze the dynamic and geometric evolution of downburst outflows and associated vortex structures, particularly the leading primary vortex (PV). The experiments also include testing these reproduced flows over a scaled topographic model of the Polcevera Valley in Genoa, Italy, to assess real-world applications. Evolving flow and temperature fields are captured using state-of-the-art measurement techniques, including Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LS-PIV) and high-response thermocouples.