Although learning factories are a proven approach to develop graduates who are prepared for the challenges of the real world, ensuring their sustainability can be a challenge. This is particularly true for learning factories in developing countries that experience unique contextual challenges. This study aims to understand what drives sustainability by reporting on the experiences of four learning factories in South Africa to identify successes and challenges. This study adopts a qualitative, multiple-case study approach, focusing on the experiences of involved individuals. Data collection included personal reflections and collaborative discussions between participants actively involved in the learning factory cases. This was followed by an analysis to draw out key themes and insights. The findings of this study present six emergent themes that support the sustainability of learning factories. These include alignment, collaboration, operational focus, diverse funding, adaptability and improvement. This study contributes to the existing literature on the sustainability of learning factories and proposes critical success factors that can support those proposing, establishing, or managing learning factories. It further draws attention to factors relevant to developing countries where contextual factors create unique challenges.