In an increasingly digitalized production environment, Digital Twins (DTs) are gaining importance. However, a critical research gap exists in structuring DT education to address practical implementation challenges. Thus, this paper defines a structured learning framework tailored to industry needs. To do so, we select and structure learning content and the didactic design of learning factory training concepts for DTs. First, methodological approaches, both technical and practical, for the selection of relevant learning content are presented. Then, based on a comprehensive didactic model analysis, a novel concept is developed to meet participants’ different learning styles and requirements. The authors and developers of the training course implement these considerations in a practical case study, and a two-day training course is developed. The targeted application of the structured learning content and the selected didactic methods results in a training course that conveys relevant content of DTs of production systems. This begins with a general understanding of the term “Digital Twin” and continues with modeling, model understanding and the handling of input and output data. In a concluding discussion, the learning concept is evaluated and the effectiveness of the training concept is assessed and specific recommendations for future training concepts in digital production and learning factories are derived.