The increasing complexity of global supply chains (SC) requires innovative didactic approaches to better understand and manage uncertainties and disruptions. This paper presents a concept for a serious game based on a Learning Experience Platform (Fischertechnik Training Factory 4.0), which focuses on SC processes and shopfloor configurations to demonstrate approaches for improving a company’s resilience. Practical SC scenarios in learning environments are scarce, revealing a corresponding research gap. The concept incorporates Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to visualize the material flow, enabling the evaluation of SC components’ resilience through potential failure scenarios. Furthermore, the integration of the information flow into the process visualization is demonstrated. Future participants in the serious game would be able to derive relationships between SC characteristics, related key performance indicators such as delivery reliability, lead time, inventory coverage or perfect order index and their impact on both SC performance and capability. Furthermore, the participants gain insights into the implementation of measures to specifically influence certain key performance indicators and learn about the interactions with peripheral areas from a manufacturer’s perspective. The paper provides a framework for the implementation of practice-oriented SC serious games in learning factories and contributes to a better understanding of SC.