Nanotechnology has become one of the most intriguing areas of scientific research and development. This cutting-edge technology focuses on nanoscale materials and their unique features from their micro/macroscale peers. Nanoencapsulation is indeed a novel paradigm in nanoscience that is being used principally in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors enabling the controlled release of bioactives at a specified site and time. In terms of tailored dispersion and cellular bioavailability, this approach offers several benefits over other methods. The current chapter gives a succinct overview of various nanoencapsulation technologies commonly practiced to encapsulate the bioactive compounds and thereby target their controlled delivery, which primarily include lipid-based (nanoliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanostructured lipid carrier) and polymer-based (desolvation, nanoprecipitation, coacervation, ionic gelation, nanogels, nanotubes, nanolaminated system) techniques. Also encompasses nature-based techniques involving caseins, cyclodextrins, and amylose as well as distinct equipment-based methods viz., electro-spraying/spinning, high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonication systems, nanospray dryer, and nanofluidics, among others. The controlled release, characterization, and evaluation methods of these nanocapsules and the recent updates on their applications and safety are also presented concisely.