One of the main logistical problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries worldwide was the movement and delivery of various medical supplies to government hospitals, including vaccines requiring special conditions for their mobilization. Many algorithmic proposals in the literature address this type of problem, such as the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), one of the most common problems that swarm intelligence algorithms address. In the present research, using graphs, an algorithmic approach based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is proposed to solve the CVRP, considering constraints on both vehicle capacity and road conditions (additional information). As a case study, the logistic network established for the distribution of vaccines during the pandemic in Peru, among the different regional state hospitals, is taken directly.