The second half of the 1940s is a period of fundamental changes in Czech cinema, which affected the development of the entire industry throughout the subsequent decades. This changes undoubtedly introduced enormous opportunities, which manifested themselves in specific film careers, but also in unprecedented organisational development. The study describes the gradual structural changes of the Czech film industry, with an emphasis on the role played by the informal group of film representatives preparing the nationalization of Czechoslovak film in underground during World War II, and the increasing role of highest institutional decision-makers: the Ministry of information, the Communist party, and the management of the newly established state company Czechoslovak State Film. The study concludes with a brief outline of the further structural development in Czechoslovak film industry during the 1950s and later.