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This chapter examines the pervasive issue of greenwashing by multinational oil companies, focusing on exploring its mechanisms, impacts, and mitigation strategies related to this deceptive practice. Greenwashing refers to the practice by which companies, particularly within the fossil fuel industry, promote a misleading image of their environmental responsibility while continuing practices that contribute to environmental degradation. To investigate this phenomenon, our study employs a multifaceted methodological approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including an extensive literature reviews and detailed case studies of companies such as BP, Shell, and ExxonMobil. A key innovation of this research is the development of a Composite Greenwashing Index (CGWI), designed to rigorously evaluate and quantify the authenticity of corporate environmental claims. Drawing from diverse data sources, including corporate reports, advertising campaigns, regulatory filings, media articles, and NGO critiques, the CGWI serves as a comprehensive tool for stakeholders to discern genuine sustainability efforts from superficial or deceptive practices. This chapter aims to promote better accountability and transparency in corporate sustainability, ultimately help to mitigate the deceptive practice of greenwashing in the oil industry through the advancement of policy-related strategies.

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Green Promises and Gray Realities in the Global Oil Industry: Analyzing Credibility and Charting Future Directions

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Vincent James Hooper,
  • Naji Maseeho Odel

摘要

This chapter examines the pervasive issue of greenwashing by multinational oil companies, focusing on exploring its mechanisms, impacts, and mitigation strategies related to this deceptive practice. Greenwashing refers to the practice by which companies, particularly within the fossil fuel industry, promote a misleading image of their environmental responsibility while continuing practices that contribute to environmental degradation. To investigate this phenomenon, our study employs a multifaceted methodological approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including an extensive literature reviews and detailed case studies of companies such as BP, Shell, and ExxonMobil. A key innovation of this research is the development of a Composite Greenwashing Index (CGWI), designed to rigorously evaluate and quantify the authenticity of corporate environmental claims. Drawing from diverse data sources, including corporate reports, advertising campaigns, regulatory filings, media articles, and NGO critiques, the CGWI serves as a comprehensive tool for stakeholders to discern genuine sustainability efforts from superficial or deceptive practices. This chapter aims to promote better accountability and transparency in corporate sustainability, ultimately help to mitigate the deceptive practice of greenwashing in the oil industry through the advancement of policy-related strategies.