This chapter examines the role of separatists, the Yanukovych government, the Maidan opposition, and the Maidan government, far-right organizations, Russia, the United States, and the EU in the conflict in Donbas. It uses a specially commissioned survey by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) in 2014 to analyze public support for separatism in Donbas, compared to other regions of Ukraine, and the major factors which affect such support. It concludes that all these actors contributed in various ways to the conflict in Donbas, which involved both a civil war and direct Russian military interventions in August 2014 and January–February 2015. The chapter links the origins of this conflict to Euromaidan, specifically, the Ukrainian government overthrow by means of the Maidan massacre and the secession and Russia’s annexation of Crimea. The KIIS survey shows that support for separatism was much stronger in Donbas compared to other regions, with the exception of Crimea. The Donbas war escalated into the Russia-Ukraine war as result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.