The tomb facades, carved into solid rock massifs, represent an architecturally processed part of the natural mountain landscape of Petra. Each rock façade is perceived in the context of an overall landscape-architectural ensemble, whose components are the façade compositions of neighboring buildings and the surrounding natural mountain landscape. Furthermore, the facades of this monumental gallery offer valuable compositions of plasticity as an ornamental texture cut into a virgin rock surface. The author’s architectural graphic reconstruction is intended to recreate the original image of the Petra rock carvings, which have been destroyed by erosion and earthquakes, on large-scale orthogonal drawings. Following the theory of restoration of architectural monuments and the requirements of graphic reconstruction, the missing fragments were filled in by analogy with the existing elements. Twelve monuments were represented in architectural drawings in identical scales, with all details of structural and ornamental order plasticity. These drawings represent a unified series of the dimensional, typological, proportional, and stylistic relationships of the monuments. The plasticity of volume, surface, and forms of the spatial elements is consistent with the concepts of spatial typology and frontal and deep-spatial compositions. The plastic articulation of the surface is associated with the perception of the frontal composition, i.e., from the front of the surface. The complexity of the depth of perception of these forms and spaces determines the plastic articulation of the ensemble. The plastic articulation of the restricted form synthesizes the aggregate sum of its artistic, structural-tectonic, rhythmic, or spatial concepts and is divided into structural and ornamental plasticity of volume and surface, along with the plasticity of the single parts of the ordering system. The distinctive characteristics of each rock carving can be attributed to the variation in the proportion of the principal structural plastic elements, as well as the specific characteristics of their details, including cornices, capitals, and relief ornaments.

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Petra. A Classical Order in the Rock-Carved Facades

  • Anna K. Kudriasheva

摘要

The tomb facades, carved into solid rock massifs, represent an architecturally processed part of the natural mountain landscape of Petra. Each rock façade is perceived in the context of an overall landscape-architectural ensemble, whose components are the façade compositions of neighboring buildings and the surrounding natural mountain landscape. Furthermore, the facades of this monumental gallery offer valuable compositions of plasticity as an ornamental texture cut into a virgin rock surface. The author’s architectural graphic reconstruction is intended to recreate the original image of the Petra rock carvings, which have been destroyed by erosion and earthquakes, on large-scale orthogonal drawings. Following the theory of restoration of architectural monuments and the requirements of graphic reconstruction, the missing fragments were filled in by analogy with the existing elements. Twelve monuments were represented in architectural drawings in identical scales, with all details of structural and ornamental order plasticity. These drawings represent a unified series of the dimensional, typological, proportional, and stylistic relationships of the monuments. The plasticity of volume, surface, and forms of the spatial elements is consistent with the concepts of spatial typology and frontal and deep-spatial compositions. The plastic articulation of the surface is associated with the perception of the frontal composition, i.e., from the front of the surface. The complexity of the depth of perception of these forms and spaces determines the plastic articulation of the ensemble. The plastic articulation of the restricted form synthesizes the aggregate sum of its artistic, structural-tectonic, rhythmic, or spatial concepts and is divided into structural and ornamental plasticity of volume and surface, along with the plasticity of the single parts of the ordering system. The distinctive characteristics of each rock carving can be attributed to the variation in the proportion of the principal structural plastic elements, as well as the specific characteristics of their details, including cornices, capitals, and relief ornaments.