Penelope Speaks Her Mind in Greek: On Translating Tino Villanueva’s So Spoke Penelope
摘要
The overall topic, as well as the sheer content, of Tino Villanueva’s poetry collection So Spoke Penelope (2013) foregrounds the need to approach the process of its translation on multiple and intertwined levels. On a semantic level, we reflect on the linguistic and cultural elements that have been taken into consideration while rendering these poetic texts into Greek, the mother tongue of both the new readership and Queen Penelope, through a discussion of the various strategies employed. Our analysis then focuses on how the poetry collection also sets out to delight its readers in its well-orchestrated stylistic manners that lend the poems their rhythm and tonality as echoes of Eptanisian sounds and musicality. On a pragmatic level, we focus on how the utterances are interpreted in context. We have sought to grasp and re-encode the overall communicative and emotional impact on the reader, especially since themes of absence, love, despair, anger, and hope have been central and recurrent in Villanueva’s collection. Finally, we illustrate our translation choices, pondering on the normative level and on how So Spoke Penelope is placed within the contemporary literary and cultural context.