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This chapter provides the observational context for studying the beam-plasma instability of blazar-induced TeV pair beams. It introduces the observations from space-based and ground-based telescopes that have detected gamma-ray sources such as active galactic nuclei (AGN) and blazars. The chapter further describes the intergalactic medium (IGM) and its radiation content, including the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the extragalactic background light (EBL). Finally, it discusses the missing GeV cascade emission, attributing it to either the deflection of intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) or energy loss via beam-plasma instabilities, setting the stage for further investigations in this thesis.

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Observational Context

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mahmoud S. A. Alawashra

摘要

This chapter provides the observational context for studying the beam-plasma instability of blazar-induced TeV pair beams. It introduces the observations from space-based and ground-based telescopes that have detected gamma-ray sources such as active galactic nuclei (AGN) and blazars. The chapter further describes the intergalactic medium (IGM) and its radiation content, including the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the extragalactic background light (EBL). Finally, it discusses the missing GeV cascade emission, attributing it to either the deflection of intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) or energy loss via beam-plasma instabilities, setting the stage for further investigations in this thesis.