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Soil salinity in the general landscape or in the farm lands is not static but dynamic based on the rainfall conditions, underground water movement, soil type and the change in management practices. In humid regions where the rainfall is over 1000 mm per annum, and the rainfall pattern is uniformly distributed along with good drainage conditions, there should not be issue of soil salinity due to continuous leaching of salts. However, inArid arid landsArid lands (hyperarid, arid and semi-arid) soil salinity is developed in the landscape and in the root zones of plants grown, due to low rainfall (rainfed agriculture) and irrigated agricultureAgriculture where the irrigation is accomplished through marginalMarginal quality waters (saline, saline-sodic) and poor salinity management practices. It is visualized that the climate changeClimate change can severely increase salinization due to prolonged droughtsDrought and overexploitation of aquifers and making them more saline due to water recycling and low aquifer recharge. The soil salinity in irrigated agriculture fields is not a new phenomenon, it can be traced back to Mesopotamia where the early civilization first flourished and then failed due to human-induced salinization. Another example is Viru valley in Peru where society based on irrigated agriculture failed due to soil salinization. Globally, significant number of national and international institutes are struggling to offset the effects of soil salinity on crop productionCrop production and food securityFood security. Simultaneous to these efforts, globally on a daily basis 2000 ha farm lands is lost due to salinity only in over 75 countries, costing 27 billion dollars due to decreased crop yield, and with this pace by 2100, 1/3rd of total irrigated lands will be out of farmers hands, and this will lead to food crises to meet the food demand of escalating global populationPopulation, especially the developing world located inArid arid regionsArid regions. Considering the impacts of soil salinization on food security, an international network on salt-affected soils (INSAS) has been created by the UN-FAO sponsored Global Soil Partnership, and now promoting the declaration of 2028 as year ofSaline agriculture saline agricultureAgriculture, with the aim to promote climate resilientClimate resilient agriculture for sustainable production systems and healthy ecosystems in salt-affected areas. In this chapter recent developments in soil assessment and dynamics monitoring, economic costs due to decreased crop yield as well as solutions to mitigate soil salinity development and adaptation strategies are presented to help farmers in the arid landsArid lands to use their farm lands for maximum production capacity.

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Soil Salinity Dynamics in Arid Lands and Impact on Agriculture for Food Security

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Shabbir Ahmad Shahid,
  • Amal Jaafer Alkandari,
  • Fahad Meshari Alnajdi

摘要

Soil salinity in the general landscape or in the farm lands is not static but dynamic based on the rainfall conditions, underground water movement, soil type and the change in management practices. In humid regions where the rainfall is over 1000 mm per annum, and the rainfall pattern is uniformly distributed along with good drainage conditions, there should not be issue of soil salinity due to continuous leaching of salts. However, inArid arid landsArid lands (hyperarid, arid and semi-arid) soil salinity is developed in the landscape and in the root zones of plants grown, due to low rainfall (rainfed agriculture) and irrigated agricultureAgriculture where the irrigation is accomplished through marginalMarginal quality waters (saline, saline-sodic) and poor salinity management practices. It is visualized that the climate changeClimate change can severely increase salinization due to prolonged droughtsDrought and overexploitation of aquifers and making them more saline due to water recycling and low aquifer recharge. The soil salinity in irrigated agriculture fields is not a new phenomenon, it can be traced back to Mesopotamia where the early civilization first flourished and then failed due to human-induced salinization. Another example is Viru valley in Peru where society based on irrigated agriculture failed due to soil salinization. Globally, significant number of national and international institutes are struggling to offset the effects of soil salinity on crop productionCrop production and food securityFood security. Simultaneous to these efforts, globally on a daily basis 2000 ha farm lands is lost due to salinity only in over 75 countries, costing 27 billion dollars due to decreased crop yield, and with this pace by 2100, 1/3rd of total irrigated lands will be out of farmers hands, and this will lead to food crises to meet the food demand of escalating global populationPopulation, especially the developing world located inArid arid regionsArid regions. Considering the impacts of soil salinization on food security, an international network on salt-affected soils (INSAS) has been created by the UN-FAO sponsored Global Soil Partnership, and now promoting the declaration of 2028 as year ofSaline agriculture saline agricultureAgriculture, with the aim to promote climate resilientClimate resilient agriculture for sustainable production systems and healthy ecosystems in salt-affected areas. In this chapter recent developments in soil assessment and dynamics monitoring, economic costs due to decreased crop yield as well as solutions to mitigate soil salinity development and adaptation strategies are presented to help farmers in the arid landsArid lands to use their farm lands for maximum production capacity.