In friction surfacing-based AM, a rotating consumable rod is heated due to the heat generated by an inter-frictional force between a rod and a substrate. The heating causes the rod material to plasticize, which gets smeared on the substrate due to an existing applied axial pressure on the rod. Thus, the process is suitable for heat-treatable alloys. In another variant, the tool is kept parallel instead of perpendicular to the substrate to utilize the lateral friction.