Beam powder bed fusion makes complex parts but is expensive because the beam is expensive. If the beam is replaced with an alternative heat source, the process will not be expensive. A resistance heater can do the job, but the heat from it is not as directed as a beam is. The beam has an advantage that it can be deflected and the whole powder bed (PB) can be raster scanned. The heater does not give such convenience; it needs to be moved relative to PB or vice versa. Alternatively, a number of small heaters need to be arranged all over close to PB so by switching them on and off, the whole PB can be selectively heated, which will lead to a process that is free from a beam. Since the aim of applying heat is to join powders, spraying them with glue (or ink or binder) can fulfill the aim as well. Thus, there is another process where both the beam and heater are done away with by an ink jetting or a binder jetting device.