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Since ancient times, earth has been used in various forms as a building material, one of them being the tapia or rammed earth in a box-shaped mold. This technique arrived in the Hispaniola Island with the Spaniards in 1494 and was used in houses, churches, and hospitals, such as the walls of the Hospital San Nicolás de Bari (1503–1552), in the city of Santo Domingo, which had two levels, a church with three naves, sacristy, bell tower and side chapel. For this reason, the aim of this research is to characterize the first walls of the Hospital San Nicolás de Bari located in the Dominican Republic. A visual inspection, color analysis with Munsell Color System and digital colorimeter, and Geohammer sclerometer were used to analyze the material in situ. Additionally, two samples were taken from the wall to analyze in laboratory applying Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy and Differential Thermal and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA/TG). The results show that the tapias have kaolinite-type clay with lime in a 1:3 ratio. Iron oxide, hematite, quartz aggregate and some gypsums were observed.

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Sixteenth Century Tapia on the Hispaniola Island. Case: Hospital San Nicolás de Bari

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Esteban Prieto-Vicioso,
  • Virginia Flores-Sasso,
  • Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez,
  • Gloria Pérez,
  • Letzai Ruiz-Valero

摘要

Since ancient times, earth has been used in various forms as a building material, one of them being the tapia or rammed earth in a box-shaped mold. This technique arrived in the Hispaniola Island with the Spaniards in 1494 and was used in houses, churches, and hospitals, such as the walls of the Hospital San Nicolás de Bari (1503–1552), in the city of Santo Domingo, which had two levels, a church with three naves, sacristy, bell tower and side chapel. For this reason, the aim of this research is to characterize the first walls of the Hospital San Nicolás de Bari located in the Dominican Republic. A visual inspection, color analysis with Munsell Color System and digital colorimeter, and Geohammer sclerometer were used to analyze the material in situ. Additionally, two samples were taken from the wall to analyze in laboratory applying Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy and Differential Thermal and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA/TG). The results show that the tapias have kaolinite-type clay with lime in a 1:3 ratio. Iron oxide, hematite, quartz aggregate and some gypsums were observed.