The energy demand has increased with the growth of the world’s population and the development of technology. Since most of the world’s energy supplies from fossil fuels, the emission of greenhouse gases has not only forced the world to deal with the global climate crisis but has also led scientists to research how to improve the indoor and outdoor air quality of the habitat. Particulate matters are known as serious damaging pollutants affecting cardiovascular and neurologic systems. For the detection of atmospheric particulate matters that threaten the human health, elemental analysis technique will be suitable for the wide range elemental detection. For sensitive detection of hazardous chemicals in atmospheric particulate matters, X-ray fluorescence technique supplies direct analysis. Other detection methods such as inductively coupled plasma and atomic absorption spectroscopy are not practical in sample preparation, and these types of analysis methods are time-consuming and expensive. The detection of atmospheric particulate matters will be possible using suitable commercial membrane filters. This chapter provides to inform the reader about the recent studies and applications about the detection of atmospheric chemicals by X-ray fluorescence and will give information about possible future studies.