This paper seeks to measure the dynamics of E-government in 51 African countries in comparison with other regions of the world over 2003–2023 and test the effect of its various dimensions in ensuring successful governance and promoting sustainable development. By combining an analytical and econometric approach, this paper attempts to 1) verify the relationship that can link E-government to governance, 2) evaluate the role of governance in the improving or worsening of the level of sustainable development, and, 3) verify the impacts that E-government could have on the level of sustainable development. The results of the econometric estimates confirm the positive dynamics achieved by African countries in the implementation of E-government, with a significant impact on the improvement of sustainable development indicators and those related to the governance indicators. They also emphasize bridging the gaps between countries with geographical proximity, fostering regional cooperation and integration, as well as addressing the similarities and complementarities in their socio-economic and institutional characteristics.