Air pollution has always been a critical global issue, due to its significant effect on human health and ecological balance, which is the result of increasing growth in urbanization and the evolution of modern urban life. The road transportation sector is among the main contributors to this issue, emitting pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and carbon oxides. This paper examines a bibliometric study of road transportation air pollution, highlighting its impacts, the factors involved, and the importance of modelling in its analysis and control. Modelling has proved to be a relevant tool thanks to its ability to integrate and correlate between various traffic-related technical parameters such as the volume and nature of vehicles with environmental parameters, especially meteorological conditions such as wind velocity, win direction, atmospheric stability and temperature. It is thus an indispensable tool for assessing, understanding and anticipating atmospheric emission issues, while providing a sound basis for developing pollutant reduction strategies and sustainable public policies.