This chapters focuses on two major issues. The development of motor skills and the detection of children at risk for motor and other learning difficulties through various assessments of movement. Various theories of motor development are described. We highlight the dynamic systems theory used by Esther Thelen to describe the motor development of children. She emphasized the role of perception and emotion influencing motor development and vice versa. We also describe the Assessment of General movements described by Heinz Prechtl for infants and the assessment of persistence of primitive reflexes and its associated theory of Capute. Finally, we describe various assessments of motor functioning including the assessment of soft neurological signs developed by Martha Denckla, as well as the Imitation of gestures assessment described by Berges and Lezine. Finally we describe the major components of the Zürich neuromotor assessment developed by Remo Largo and colleagues. All of these instruments help in the detection of children at risk to develop motor difficulties later in life, as well as other problems in executive functioning, self control and risk for learning disabilities.