This chapter focuses on the issue on interpersonal, social and cultural influences on the development of children. Lev Vygotsky is considered a “constructivist” in the field of development because of his emphasis on the actual material conditions in which a person develops. He and Urie Bronfenbrenner many years later described the influences that parents have on children, and how they promote the development of thinking, problem solving, and facilitate learning. Scaffolding, emotional security and encouragement, co-construction and solving problems together are strategies parents use to promote their intellectual and socio-emotional development. Vygotsky described the “zone of proximal development” as a strategy by which parents present novel problems to their child with the latter can solve with some help. Vygotsky, Leontiev and Bronfenbrenner emphasized also the role of emotions and a positive interpersonal field as factors crucial factors influencing children’s learning and curiosity to learn. Symbolic play was highlighted as a vehicle for teaching, learning and promoting emotional and social development.