The introduction provides an overview of the book’s central questions and objectives. Conflicts are omnipresent and multifaceted. Their scope is wide, from international wars to personal disputes. The aim of this book is to take an in-depth look at sociological theories of conflict. It focuses on the conflict theory approaches by Ralf Dahrendorf and Niklas Luhmann, who offer contrasting perspectives on social conflicts: Dahrendorf emphasizes the role of actors and social situations, whereas Luhmann takes a systems theory perspective. The aim of the book is to show how a theoretical approach can help us understand social conflicts and contribute to productively dealing with conflicts.