This study uses a hybrid decision-making model to prioritize critical risks in humanitarian logistics management during natural disasters, specifically Typhoon Yagi in Vietnam. The research integrates Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFS) with the Delphi and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) methods to evaluate and rank critical risks, ensuring efficient disaster relief operations. By using the SFS approach, the study captures uncertainties and subjective judgments more effectively than traditional methods, accounting for the complexities of disaster response. The SF-Delphi method is utilized to gather expert opinions, while the FMEA framework assesses the severity, occurrence, detectability, and cost of risks to prioritize risks. Based on 40 experts and 85 risks from the literature review, this study identifies key risks, including damaged infrastructure, communication breakdowns, and resource shortages, and offers targeted strategies to mitigate these challenges. This integrated approach aims to enhance the resilience of humanitarian logistics systems, ensuring a faster and more coordinated response to future disasters. The findings contribute to both theoretical frameworks in disaster risk management and practical applications for improving relief operations in Vietnam and other disaster-prone regions.