There is an evident increase in awareness and policy response to natural hazards in urban and peri-urban environments in many regions internationally. However, many public policy and community approaches do not meaningfully reduce risk and impact in the long term, including for vulnerable locations and communities. In peri-urban and wildland-urban interface regional policy decisions and land use planning and human settlement policy decisions can and do expose more people to more and increasingly risky situations andimpacts can amplified by population and settlement trends that see more people, property and assets in these locations. Wildfire and flood are two such examples of peri-urban disaster explored in this book. Complexity is evident in peri-urban areas where categories of place can be unclear within policy and public understandings. This chapter introduces a series of examples of how decision-making, the application of evidence and the legitimacy of public policy have presented increased exposure to risk and hazard, and these cases demonstrate particular challenges of uncertain, yet high impact events within policy systems that seek evidence and consensus.