What Is Wrong with This Image? Reflecting on Past Diversity Through Visual Representations of Gender Stereotypes in Archaeology
摘要
Gender and feminist archaeologists have fought for decades against gender stereotypes through academic writing, museum exhibitions, and popular literature, among other mediums. Despite their efforts, many of these stereotypes—e.g. depictions of men only as hunters and producers of tools and women only as gatherers and caregivers, or same-sex practices being considered a modern invention or a disorder—continue to survive and even flourish, both in academic and non-academic settings, especially in countries where gender archaeology does not exist or where gender in archaeology is barely discussed. These stereotypes reflect essentialist interpretations and (visual) representations of the past, which often replicate contemporary ontologies, perceptions, and dichotomies. The past, however, was probably just as diverse as our contemporary reality. Using a feminist and intersectional framework, this paper discusses the possibilities and challenges of creating more diverse and inclusive visual representations of the past. It does so by presenting the case study of an editorial project resulting in an illustrated booklet on gender stereotypes in archaeology, edited under the aegis of the Archaeology and Gender in Europe Community of the European Association of Archaeologists. In a thought-provoking and open way, this booklet addresses often uncomfortable topics concerning gender in archaeology through images and text, in an attempt to raise awareness among the professionals and fans of the discipline of archaeology.