Oral cancer, or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The high mortality rate is due to the difficulty in detecting the disease early. Quantum dots (QDs) are nanosized semiconductors that produce stable fluorescence, are resistant to photobleaching, and can adsorb and emit light efficiently. QDs are effective nanotechnology innovations that are effective for the detection of cancer, particularly oral cancer. QDs have the potential to be used as probes for imaging carcinoma and drug delivery. QDs can be used for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. QDs can be conjugated with other biomolecules, such as ligands and antibodies, that can selectively bind to receptors present on overexpressed cancer cells. This chapter discusses the different types of QDs, their advantages and properties, and their role in oral cancer detection. This will enable future studies to develop new applications of QDs and early detection of oral cancer.