Boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) are a significant class of zero-dimensional (0D) materials that are still in the budding stages of research. BNQDs have unique properties, such as intense bright blue fluorescence, are highly chemically and thermally stable, and are biocompatible in nature. Owing to their remarkable properties, BNQDs exhibit promising potential in various biomedical fields, such as medical diagnosis, genetic detection, bioacoustic imaging, the sensing of toxicants, and biosensing. This book chapter contains a detailed summary of the recent progress in fluorescent BNQDs in the field of biomedical applications, including the detailed synthesis routes developed thus far, followed by a discussion of their properties, and, finally, various applications in the biomedical field. As BNQDs are of tremendous interest to researchers, this discussion provides an overview of the synthesis of BNQDs and their utilization in biomedical applications, which is expected to be beneficial for promising research on BNQDs, instigating new methodologies in the future and their utilization in practical diagnostic applications.