Sustainable Development and Competitiveness of Coastal Tourism Destinations in the Case of Philippines
摘要
This study aimed to answer the sustainable development and competitiveness of coastal tourism destinations in Region IV-A. The result of which became the basis of the development of a strategic model to improve the regional tourism plan of Region IV-A for coastal tourism. Specifically, it aimed to determine the practices under four dimensions of sustainability: Institutional, Economic, Environmental, and Social. It also looked into the level of attractiveness of these destinations in terms of cultural proximity, destination environment, price, destination image, risk and reward and geographical proximity. This research study employed a mixed method and the participants of this study were 303 persons composed of different tourism stakeholders such as tourists, residents, business employees, and government employees. The needed data were gathered through a self-made questionnaire and interview. The results revealed that the nine coastal tourism destinations in Region IV-A implement the sustainable development practices. They allow local government units participation in different coastal-related festivities, which get a rating (institutional), increase livelihood and income to the local residents (economic), display signage and announcements for tourists and residents to ensure the cleanliness of the area (environmental) and protect local traditions and cultural heritage (social). They are attractive based on the respondents’ assessment. However, the respondents’ assessment of both sustainable development and attractiveness varied as proven in the results of ANOVA. Additionally, the researcher got a correlation coefficient of 0.423 and a probability value of 0.000, which meant that a moderate correlation exists between sustainable development, and level of attractiveness. The challenges like lack of accredited accommodations, presence of IUU (illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing), and lack of DOT licensed tour guide prompted the researcher to recommend a strategic model using objective-key results (OKR) tailored for the sustainability of coastal tourism to reach the subjects’ full potential without compromising their natural and cultural resources.