Kidney transplantation is the most common type of solid organ transplant performed. The increasing number of kidney transplant recipients provides both a need and an opportunity for primary care providers to play an important role in caring for this patient population. Care of the kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipient requires a thorough review of the patient’s transplant history, knowledge of common transplant protocols and medications, familiarity with the adverse effects of medications, and meticulous evaluations of the patient in both routine follow-up visits as well as acute care visits. Primary care providers can partner with nephrologists to take care of a range of issues for these patients, including infection, metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This chapter addresses important background information as well as guidance on evaluation and management of the kidney transplant recipient in the primary care setting.