Human induced and natural changes in vegetation cover, type and density have significant effects on the role of vegetation to provide critical and diverse ecosystem services. Among the most important regulating services provided by healthy forests, shrubland and grassland is soil conservation and stabilisation of stream flows and runoff. Quantifying vegetation cover changes at catchment scale and linking the changes to water flux parameters is important in informing integrated catchment. In this chapter, we provide a three-step approach to assess vegetation cover dynamics and their influences on water fluxes in the Kafue catchment in Zambia, with the Kafue flats being a Ramsar site (No. 530). First, land cover maps of 2009, 2015 and 2021 were obtained from MODIS land cover product. Then, the amount of precipitation, transpiration, evaporation and interception for each land cover type from the SEBAL energy balance model were estimated for the respective time periods. Shrublands are the dominant land cover type covering up to two-thirds of the catchment, followed by grassland and forests. Significant changes in landcover types were observed particularly in forested areas which are declining and being converted primarily  into shrubland and grassland with some areas transitioning to croplands in some parts of the catchment. Forests decreased from 18.5% of the catchment in 2009 to 10.1% in 2021. Shrubland accounts for most of the transpiration, evaporation, and interception processes in the catchment. However, this proportion is gradually declining over time. Shrublands contribute about three times to transpiration compared to forests and six times compared to grassland. It is therefore concluded that shrubland should be considered in integrated catchment management in addition to forests as they are important for water flux in the catchment and regulate ecosystem services.