For much of the twentieth century, development was traditionally measured in terms of income or gross domestic product (GDP). Since the 1960s, however, new research approaches have been developed that contrast with the traditional approach, which essentially equates development with economic growth. In short, we have moved from a unidimensional to a multidimensional approach that takes into account not only the economic aspect but also the overall quality of life of the individual. Amartya Sen’s “capability approach”, which is one of the fundamental contributions in this direction, was adopted by the Human Development Report (HDR) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The HDR supported a multidimensional approach to the study and measurement of development and proposed a series of composite indices to assess development and poverty. One of these indices is the Human Development Index (HDI), which was proposed in 1990 as a composite measure for assessing a country’s development not only in terms of wealth, but also in terms of knowledge and health.