With an FY2023 budget of $9.9 billion, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental academic research and education across all disciplines. NSF is comprised of eight research directorates, including the Engineering Directorate (ENG; formed in 1981) and the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate (CISE; formed in 1986). To accomplish its mission, NSF employs both career federal employees and short-term rotators who lead NSF programs while on leaves of absence from academic institutions for up to 4 years at a time. Women academics have served as leaders in NSF’s ENG and CISE directorates, making their marks on the national research agenda in many ways—as program directors, division and office leaders, and directorate leaders (known as assistant directors and deputy assistant directors). This chapter tells the story of academic women in engineering and computer science who have served the public as NSF ENG and CISE leaders, exploring their history, their present status, and the opportunities that will emerge for them in the future.