This chapter examines the spread of English into Africa and Asia. In these contexts, the distribution and evolution of English is different from English in the USA and Australia. The British viewed their settlements in Africa and Asia as “exploitation” colonies. Local populations were varyingly exploited, subjugated or ignored by the British. In these contexts, English is typically part of a wider, multilingual repertoire. To illustrate these processes, this chapter reviews three contexts: India, Nigeria and Singapore. These three contexts shed light on some similarities in the evolution of World Englishes—but also how this evolution unfolds as a localised process.

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English in India, Nigeria and Singapore

  • Howard Manns,
  • Zhichang Xu

摘要

This chapter examines the spread of English into Africa and Asia. In these contexts, the distribution and evolution of English is different from English in the USA and Australia. The British viewed their settlements in Africa and Asia as “exploitation” colonies. Local populations were varyingly exploited, subjugated or ignored by the British. In these contexts, English is typically part of a wider, multilingual repertoire. To illustrate these processes, this chapter reviews three contexts: India, Nigeria and Singapore. These three contexts shed light on some similarities in the evolution of World Englishes—but also how this evolution unfolds as a localised process.