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The Mangalore Delta in India exemplifies the intricacies of salinization in delta regions, influenced by coastal, fluvial, and geomorphological factors, and intensified by human activities. The global surge in groundwater extraction due to population growth and industrialization has led to significant seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers, threatening groundwater quality and posing health risks. This chapter summarizes a study investigating saline water infiltration into freshwater aquifers in the Mangalore Delta using Visual MODFLOW Flex, aiming to identify intrusion patterns and assess groundwater vulnerability. The study also examines key processes affecting groundwater quality in relation to hydrogeochemical sources in the shallow coastal aquifer. Data from 27 wells were collected, analyzing 18 physicochemical properties of groundwater including temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), total hardness (TH), chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), potassium (K), carbonate (CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3), and sulfate (SO4). Contour line differences highlighted intrusion levels within the coastal zone and estuaries. The infiltration levels in the coastal zone and along the estuaries of the research area were delineated using the variation in contours. The research also investigated groundwater quality, coastal aquifer properties, model implementation, calibration, validation, and future projections.

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Saline Intrusion Dynamics and Groundwater Quality Monitoring in the Coastal Mangalore Delta via Visual MODFLOW Flex

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • A. R. Diana,
  • Vijay Suryawanshi,
  • H. Ramesh,
  • M. S. Ganesh Prasad

摘要

The Mangalore Delta in India exemplifies the intricacies of salinization in delta regions, influenced by coastal, fluvial, and geomorphological factors, and intensified by human activities. The global surge in groundwater extraction due to population growth and industrialization has led to significant seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers, threatening groundwater quality and posing health risks. This chapter summarizes a study investigating saline water infiltration into freshwater aquifers in the Mangalore Delta using Visual MODFLOW Flex, aiming to identify intrusion patterns and assess groundwater vulnerability. The study also examines key processes affecting groundwater quality in relation to hydrogeochemical sources in the shallow coastal aquifer. Data from 27 wells were collected, analyzing 18 physicochemical properties of groundwater including temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), total hardness (TH), chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), potassium (K), carbonate (CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3), and sulfate (SO4). Contour line differences highlighted intrusion levels within the coastal zone and estuaries. The infiltration levels in the coastal zone and along the estuaries of the research area were delineated using the variation in contours. The research also investigated groundwater quality, coastal aquifer properties, model implementation, calibration, validation, and future projections.