The study of human spermatozoon is far from being exhausted and further research is mandatory with the aim to improve the assisted fertilization outcomes. Different aspects require investigations and in-depth analysis. The impact of sperm DNA fragmentation, epigenetics, and centrosome on embryo development is worth exploring. In addition to spermatozoa, a special mention should be made to seminal plasma components that have potential diagnostic significance but are seldom evaluated in clinical practice. In recent decades, the study of the impact of oxidative stress on spermatozoa and its connection to male infertility is undoubtedly one of the most advanced scientific fields. Finally, the spermatozoon is a protagonist also in the field of artificial intelligence whose algorithms are promising in the improvement of semen analysis and in addressing the challenges of sperm selection during intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In this brief excursus, the need for additional research into the structural, biochemical, genetic characteristics of human spermatozoa is presented.