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In response to the challenges posed by high-density urbanism, such as the urban heat island (UHI) effect, increased traffic noise, and exacerbated air pollution that collectively diminish human comfort, vertical greenery systems (VGSs) have emerged as a strategy. Among VGSs, green façades (GFs) are particularly noteworthy for their ability to guide climbing plants to grow vertically, providing shade and thus influencing the thermal environment of buildings. However, the natural growth of these climbing plants makes the shading ratio and its correlation to the thermal environment difficult to control and predict. This paper endeavors to construct four types of GF configurations that are both predictable and controllable in terms of shading methods and thermal impact. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were utilized to assess the thermal performance of different GF foliage settings. A coupled ventilation and heat transfer model was applied for the simulations, which included four types of GF constructions and a control model without shading. To evaluate the thermal impact of GFs on both indoor and buffer spaces, we compared air temperature, wind velocity, and wall surface temperature. The key outcomes are summarized as follows: (1) The average temperature in the buffer space was reduced by 0.67 °C to 3.24 °C across different shading methods. (2) The range of thermal optimization for the indoor environment was 1.27 °C to 3.45 °C, and for the buffer space, it was 0.67 °C to 3.24 °C. (3) The wall temperature in models H1 and H2 was reduced by up to 7.68 °C on the south orientation and 13.24 °C on the west orientation. (4) The average indoor wind velocity showed minimal difference between shaded and unshaded conditions. (5) Based on comparisons of air and wall surface temperatures, models H1 and H2 demonstrated the most favorable effects in this study. As part of a broader investigation into the effects and configurations of GFs, these results will inform future research on the thermal impact of GFs on human thermal comfort through field measurements and numerical simulations.

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Constructions of Green Façade and Effects on Thermal Environment: Simulations with CFD

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Hankun Lin,
  • Huijie Wang,
  • Manchun Liu,
  • Xinye Su,
  • Yuwen Wang,
  • Xiaomei Lin,
  • Siyuan Zhan

摘要

In response to the challenges posed by high-density urbanism, such as the urban heat island (UHI) effect, increased traffic noise, and exacerbated air pollution that collectively diminish human comfort, vertical greenery systems (VGSs) have emerged as a strategy. Among VGSs, green façades (GFs) are particularly noteworthy for their ability to guide climbing plants to grow vertically, providing shade and thus influencing the thermal environment of buildings. However, the natural growth of these climbing plants makes the shading ratio and its correlation to the thermal environment difficult to control and predict. This paper endeavors to construct four types of GF configurations that are both predictable and controllable in terms of shading methods and thermal impact. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were utilized to assess the thermal performance of different GF foliage settings. A coupled ventilation and heat transfer model was applied for the simulations, which included four types of GF constructions and a control model without shading. To evaluate the thermal impact of GFs on both indoor and buffer spaces, we compared air temperature, wind velocity, and wall surface temperature. The key outcomes are summarized as follows: (1) The average temperature in the buffer space was reduced by 0.67 °C to 3.24 °C across different shading methods. (2) The range of thermal optimization for the indoor environment was 1.27 °C to 3.45 °C, and for the buffer space, it was 0.67 °C to 3.24 °C. (3) The wall temperature in models H1 and H2 was reduced by up to 7.68 °C on the south orientation and 13.24 °C on the west orientation. (4) The average indoor wind velocity showed minimal difference between shaded and unshaded conditions. (5) Based on comparisons of air and wall surface temperatures, models H1 and H2 demonstrated the most favorable effects in this study. As part of a broader investigation into the effects and configurations of GFs, these results will inform future research on the thermal impact of GFs on human thermal comfort through field measurements and numerical simulations.